Improvement in carbureters for gas and air



Uurrn STATES A'rEN'r OFFIOE.

MATTHIAS I?. OOONS, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOB TO HIMSELF, PHILIP DATEB.,

OF NEYV YOBK CITY, AND @HABILES N. AYBES, OF

BROOKLYN, New YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARBURETERS FOR GAS AND nAIR.

Speclication forming part of Letters Patent No. 116,563, dated July 4,1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, MATTHIAS I?. COONs, of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of' New York, have invented a new and Improved Gas andAir-Garbonizer; and I do hereby declare that the Jfollowing is a full,clear, and exa-ct description thereof, which will enable others skilledin the art to make and use the same, rei'- erence being had to theaccomlianyin g drawing forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in gas and air-carbonizingapparatus; and has for its object to provide a simple, cheap, andefficient gas or air-carbonizer or carbureter, which will be perfectlysate against explosion in cases of fire or ignition by carelesstreat-ment or design, except at the ignition point of the burner; also,to provide an efficient and reliable means of supplying air andmaintaining the requisite pressure when air is used. The inventionconsists in certain improvem ents in the arrangement of the air andmiXin g apparatus; also, in improved absorbent material employed fortaking up the hydrocarbon and exposing it to the air or gas; also, animproved safety-filling apparatus; also, an improved jacket ot'nre-proof and non-heat-conducting substance for the preservation of thecarbureting-chamber, and regulation of the temperature ot' the same; andalso, an improved apparatus for injecting the air, all as hereinafterfully described.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my improved apparatus, and Fig. 2is a plan view of the same.

Similar letters of reieren ce indicate corresponding parts.

A is a sheet-metal case, for containing the hydrocarbon substa-nce andmixing it with the gas or air. It may be of rectangular or other form. Bis a large tube arranged in this case to extend from end to end abovethe center. It has a number of pendent tubes, O, extending nearly to thebottom, and having the perforated conical disseminators D, made ofpertorated sheet-metal screen-wire, or other suitable substance,attached to the lower ends, and held so that the bases are supportedslightly above the bottom ofthe case A. E is an air-supply pipe leadingfrom the blower into tube B, and F is a gas-supply pipe, also emptyinginto tube B. Vhen air is to be carbureted it is forced in through E andthe pipe F is closed, and when gas is to be acted on it is admittedthrough F and E is closed. Above the large tube B is a ne wire-gauzeprotector, G, to prevent explosion or ignition of the gas below in caseof the communication of lire by any means to the space above through thegas-pipes H leading to the burners. I represents a drainage-tube forremoving the hydrocarbon if too much be put in the case, or for drawingoii' the excess.

This case or retort being thus prepared is fitted to the wire-gauzeprotector G with some noncombustible porous and absorbing substance,preferably woolen cloth and ha ir prepared in balls, for taking up thehydrocarbon or the gas and holding it for the more perfect combinationof the same with the air. The hydrocarbon oil or gas then admitted tothe retort, also the air, and the mixture takes place in the mosteii'ective manner, the gas rising to the -space G', where it isconcentrated previous to emission. In case the.

' gas is admitted, it comes in contact with the air in the large tube B,and is conducted with it down the tubes C to the conical d isseminators,

`where itissues through the small 'perforations,

and is thoroughly mixed thereby. It it be hydrocarlmn oil that is to bemixed, the oil is taken up by the absorbing material and held so thatthe air attacking the balls on all sides becomes intimately connectedand combined with the vapor of Oil given oit' by the balls.

For introducing the hydrocarbon substance in l,the safest mannerpossible, I iirst introduce it into a portable filling-case, K, whichmay be taken to the cask or other vessel in which the oil is stored, andclosed tightly after being lled, said case having a cock, L, and apipe-connection, M, the latter being arranged for making a perfectlysafe and tight connection with the supply-pipe N for the case or retortA when the said case K is placed on the top of A, when the conneetion ismade and the cock L opened to the oil-flow intoV A. For the purpose ofpreventing the retort from any possibility of exploding when fullycharged with the combustible fluid in case of tire surrounding theapparatus, I provide another opening and escape-tube through the side,

Vwhich tube may be plugged or stoppedin any ray that will be opened byan increase of internal pressure or by the action of heat to let the gasescape.

ln all cases where pipeeonnections are made with the retort they are tobe properly secured by lock or jam-nuts.

I have discovered by practical tests th at the different degrees oftemperatures materially affect the carbonization of atmospheric air forilluminatingpurposes, no matter what may be the speciiic gravity of theiiuids used. To remedy this as far as possible by equalizing thetemperature, and also as a further protection against fire and suddenignition without, I provide an outside case or tank, O, oi' preciselythe same form as the retort A, but larger, so that when placed in thesaid outer case there will be a space between the outer walls of A andthe inner walls of O on all sides, for the reception of some non-comnbustible and non.heat-conducting material forthe protection ofthe retortand equalization of the temperature therein, which may be pulverg izedasbestus saturated with the strongest possible solution of alum orcoarselyground pumice stone (lava), also saturated with alum or asbestusand pumice-stone mixed in about equal parts, or plaster of Paris madesemi-Huid with alum, as above. Of these substances on trial, the firstand last were found satisfactory as to the test 'ot' tire and the bestfor eqnalizing the temperature.- Another excellent compound for thesepurposes may be made of wool and animal hair, the wool being in the formof woven cloth, and the hair cleansed, and both combined inthe mostcompact manner. But the best of all which I have experimented with is amixture of cleansed hairand pulvcrized asbestus saturated with alum,`

rendered fluid by heat and water, care being taken to combine with thehair as unich oi' the asbestus as it will take when saturated and form acompact body. Vith this mixture, or any of the foregoingl in which asolution of alum is used, I propose to pack the spaces between thetwowalls of the two cases, as above, for protection against heat and fire.The whole, being well packed, soon becomes nearly as solid as the alumin the natural state.

The llame produced by the gas issuing from apparatus of this kind isdependent for steadiness upon the equality and regularity ofthe pressureon the air introduced, and it therefore becomes highly important to havethe most steady pressure that it is possible to get. To this end I haveprovided a blowing apparatus consisting of four, more or less, bellows,l?, arranged one on each side of the sides of agure, which will bedescribed bythe number used in any suitable way of supporting them andwith the movable sides toward the center of the 'gure, which may be in ahorizontal or vertical plane. In this instance they are in a horizontalplane, all of which have pipe-connections leading to one or morebellows, Q, arranged for actin g as air-pressure regulators and avertical shaft, R, carrying wheels S at the ends of arms T, is providedfor actuating the bellows by being turned slowly around between them andacting on the sides to press them inward, the said sides bein drawn outagain, after the wheels have passed, by springs U. This shaft R isturned by a shaft, V, gearing with it, which shaft is geared with one ormore drums, W, on which cords X. wind, which pass over pulleys to theuppermost part of the exterior wood or other case, Y, inclosing thewhole apparatus, and have weights Z attached to them. Airis admitted tothe suction sides Zl of these bellows through suitable openings Z2 inthe case Y, which are pro tected by wire-ganze or other substance. Theair-regulatin g bellows Q may have weights placed on the top, which willrise and fall with any variations of the pressure, and thereby render itmuch more even and regular. The driving-shaft V may have any othercompetent power applied toA it instead of the cords and weights, but fora cheap portable apparatus l prefer to' use them.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patentl. The large tube B, combined with a branch air-tube,E, a branch gas-tube, F, and branch discharge-tubes C D, when -all areconstructed and relatively arranged in a carbonizer, as and for thepurpose described.

2. The wax tube, operating as a safety-valve, in the manner described.

Vitnesses: MATTHIAS P. COONS.

Gmo. WV. MABEE, T. B. Mosnnu.

